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The concept of open innovations has enjoyed significant popularity among both researchers and management practitioners for two decades, as evidenced by numerous research papers and case studies. The progressive development of the concept also applies to the tourism industry, which, faced with problems and changing expectations of tourists, needs to implement innovative solutions not only at the enterprise level, but taking into account all stakeholders of the tourist destination. The purpose of the article is to identify the opinions of tourism experts towards the prospect of knowledge sharing in open innovations and the differences in approaches to this issue. The results of the research are discussed in two comparative dimensions, dividing the experts into representatives of a specific tourist destination (Prague and Cracow) and representatives of the public and private sectors. Experts from two similar tourist destinations differ in their opinions, both in terms of the way they approach the implementation of the concept of open innovations in the city, as well as the scope of application of the implemented innovations. On the other hand, the differences in opinions of representatives representing the public and private sectors of the tourism industry coincide – although they do not resolve whether it should be a bottom-up or top-down initiative, they unequivocally indicate that the implementation of open innovations should involve all stakeholders in a tourism destination. The authors also put forward a proposal to create innovation exchange centers as part of the activities of Destination Management Organizations (DMOs), supported by the local administration of the tourist destination. © 2023 The Authors
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Although there has been a significant increase in the number of charter schools, little is known about their science education programs from the science teachers' perspective. Also, the COVID-19 pandemic created limitations for all participants that required new untested approaches that varied depending on circumstances. The first study in this dissertation explored secondary charter school science teachers' perceptions related to their schools' science programs. With the use of the Science Laboratory Classroom Facility and Science Instructional Materials Survey and a semi-structured interview protocol, secondary charter school science teachers' (N=105) perceptions of laboratory equipment, safety equipment, facilities, science standards, and autonomy were examined, and a subsample of teachers (n=21) was interviewed. The findings showed that charter school science teachers taught in facilities that were inadequate for science laboratory instruction. Many teachers lacked the most essential laboratory and laboratory safety equipment. Other findings included a high degree of reported autonomy related to instructional decision-making. These results suggested that the quality of charter school science programs could be strengthened by adequately funding science laboratories, equipment, safety equipment, and engaging science teachers in program and facilities planning. The second study utilized a subsample of teachers interviewed in the first study to examine charter school secondary science teachers' online teaching in response to COVID-19. Specifically, this study explored teachers' instructional approaches, teaching constraints, and work-related stressors with a semi-structured interview framed within a Community of Inquiry framework. The findings were that greater planning, training, hardware, and software infrastructure preparation, guidance on instruction formats or standardization, peer support systems, and communication were needed to address future crises such as COVID-19 and to enhance similar urgent transitions to online learning. Implications for future research and pedagogy are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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This is a theoretical study of the SIR model — a popular mathematical model of the propagation of infectious diseases. We construct a solution of the Cauchy problem for a system of two ordinary differential equations describing in integral form the concentration dynamics of infected and recovered individuals in an immune population. A qualitative analysis is carried out of the stationary system states using the Lyapunov function. An expression is obtained for the coordinates of the equilibrium points in terms of the Lambert W-function for arbitrary initial values. The application of the SIR model for the description of COVID-19 propagation dynamic is demonstrated. © 2023, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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Objectives: In breast cancer (BC) patients receiving mastectomy, postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) improves long-term outcomes by decreasing local failure and cancer mortality. However, the optimal PMRT schedule is still under investigation. The present review aims to discuss the evidence regarding hypofractionated (HF) PMRT in BC patients in order to identify the optimal treatment approach. Additional purpose is to highlight what we have learned from COVID-19 era regarding HF schedules for PMRT in BC patients. Mechanism: Between February and November 2021, literature and database research were conducted. Key references were detected from a PubMed query. Range of publication date was between 2000 and 2021. Selection criteria included English language publications in humans. Hand searching included meeting proceedings of the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). The website clinicaltrials.gov was also searched. Randomized controlled trials evaluating HF-PMRT were included. Findings in brief: Our research returned 87 published papers. Fourteen trials were included in our final analysis. The comparisons of several different schedules of HF-PMRT with conventional fractionated PMRT provided similar results in terms of locoregional disease control without increasing toxicity. Particularly, an acute skin toxicity incidence grade 2 or higher ranged between 10 and 25% among the studies we analyzed. Conclusion(s): The present paper suggests that safety and efficacy of HF-PMRT is comparable with conventional schedules and standard practice guidelines are already available. COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the need for increasingly tailored treatment protocols. Modern HF regimens should continue to be the standard of treatment in BC patients who receive PMRT also in the post-COVID-19 era.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s).
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The research objects are the tax and budgetary policies of the Russian Federation. In this research, financial (budgetary) risks are understood as a decrease in the balance of the state (national) budget resulting from a reduction in revenues or an increase in expenditures. This research considers production in the main sectors of the economy as a key factor of financial risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims to analyze the main directions of the budgetary and tax policy of the Russian Federation that aimed at supporting the economy and the population during the spread of COVID-19, which is especially relevant in connection with the expected recession in a number of sectors of the economy and a decrease in the level of employment and, accordingly, the well-being of citizens. In these conditions, it is necessary to adjust the budgetary and tax policy to preserve the state's social obligations and expand social and economic support for businesses and citizens to smooth out the negative consequences of the impact of restrictive measures. The authors applied systemic and institutional approaches and statistical methods. The main results of the research reflect the need to (1) implement support measures (tax and budgetary incentives) for small and medium-sized enterprises, on which the crisis provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic has had the most destructive impact, and (2) to expand the volume of budgetary financing of social programs for financial risk management of the Russian economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compositionally, the article consists of the following sections: the introduction, which provides an overview of the publication activity in the field of financing measures to overcome the spread of COVID-19 and substantiates the relevance and purpose of the study;the literature review, which lists modern authors whose works were aimed at studying similar issues as well as the methodological apparatus used by them, which are suitable for adaptation;the section ‘materials and methods', which provides more adaptive methods of other people's research and the authors selected in accordance with them are listed;the results section, in which the authors present the main array of statistical data, which is then discussed. At the end of the article, the authors draw conclusions about the applied fiscal policy tools that can be used effectively in the new economic reality.
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Family resilience is defined as family members successfully coping with difficulties and developing with warmth, support and harmony. This structure can be affected by the forces, resources and processes of the individuals that make up the family. Current studies emphasize many risk factors that affect and force family dynamics with the introduction of the coronavirus pandemic into our lives. The results of these studies suggest that although the origin of worldwide anxiety is one, different families have different coping styles. Starting from this point, the aim of this study, which is planned, is to determine how families protect their health in the coronavirus pandemic, which is over one year. 580 married mothers participated in the study. Participants answered the demographic information form, Risk Factors Checklist and Family Resilience Scale. The findings obtained from the study are that family resilience shows significant differences between groups that entered the COVID-19 process with risk factors and groups that did not report any risk factors. This situation is considered as an indication that entering into a new obscurity with unresolved issues affects the dynamics more negatively. © 2022 The Author(s).
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Many small Spanish municipalities (those with less than 2000 inhabitants) experienced population growth during the first decade of the 21st century due to a large influx of foreign immigrants. However, the Great Recession put an end to this trend. The first aim of this paper is to analyse the demographic impact of the new phase of economic growth – known as the "post-crisis” period (2014–2020) – on small Spanish municipalities. The second aim is to carry out an initial analysis of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis on the growth of these municipalities. The results of a nine-category typology show that during the post-crisis period, the vast majority of villages continued to depopulate, while a minority gained population or had stagnant population figures. The Covid-19 pandemic represented a turning point, with small municipalities as a whole starting to grow again. However, the population did not increase in all categories of villages or in all regions of rural Spain. The results for both periods (post-crisis and Covid-19 pandemic) highlight the growing importance of migration to demographic change in the smallest municipalities © 2023, Vienna Yearbook of Population Research.All Rights Reserved.
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This study aims to analyze the care trajectories of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were hospitalized and are currently undergoing rehabilitation regarding their use of and access to the healthcare network (HN). An evaluative, qualitative study was carried out based on interviews with patients in the city of Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The care trajectories were reconstructed at three different occasions that express their experiences with the healthcare and support network during the pandemic: prevention, support and diagnosis measures;hospitalization;post-COVID-19 care, rehabilitation and support. The results indicate that the main source of information about COVID-19 was TV newscasts. Preventive hygiene measures were the most widely adopted. The family was the main support network. There was no waiting time for admission to the municipal referral hospital. Hospitalization was very well evaluated in terms of user embracement, multidisciplinary care, virtual visits and daily contact between doctor and family members. A post-discharge "care vacuum" was identified, with no follow-up by primary health care (PHC) and other public services. Low-cost health insurance plans and private specialized post-COVID-19 services were frequently and spontaneously sought until the implementation of the rehabilitation service. In summary, solitary and discontinuous care trajectories of individuals and families shed light on several challenges to the health system, including guaranteed access to coordinated PHC and expanded offer of specialized public services and rehabilitation, aligned with the principles of humanized care, in addition to the maintenance of social support measures.Copyright © 2023 Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. All rights reserved.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the labor market and given rise to the Great Resignation. Drawing on a mixed methods panel study of 199 precarious and gig-based workers, we analyze how a changing conception of free time during the Covid-19 pandemic led low-wage service workers to seek more fulfilling careers. Whereas most workers initially perceived free time in terms of opportunity costs, they later reconceived this time as enabling an investment in personal growth, moving from "spending time” making money to "investing time” in themselves. This shift in temporal experience is expressed through the adoption of a "work passion” logic and "pandemic epiphanies” that motivated respondents to seek self-affirming and potentially more lucrative work opportunities.
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Video based online psychotherapy has traditionally been an under-utilized tool by psychologists. Lack of experience, comfort with technology, and lack training, amongst other variables have historically been attributed as major barriers to adoption of online therapy. Only recently have psychologists' attitudes about online therapy been explored. Recent literature suggests psychologists' attitudes could significantly account for psychologists' intent to utilize online therapy in the future. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an unprecedented opportunity for psychologists to experience providing video based online therapy. This study examined psychologists' attitudes about video based psychotherapy, their comfort providing telepsychological services, challenges they experienced in transitioning to online services and what resources they used to aid their transition during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychologists' intent to use online therapy for the future and platforms used to deliver therapy during the pandemic were also investigated. This study surveyed 230 psychologists and psychology trainees, collecting demographic data including practice setting, professional status, age, and ethnicity. Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, attitudes about online therapy are discussed. Data analysis was conducted on quantitative measures and qualitative responses were categorized and coded. Results indicate most psychologists reported positive attitudes about online therapy and endorsed using online therapy in the future. Previous experience in online therapy had a statistically significant impact on psychologists' attitudes and their comfort level with the technology. This study's findings present a massive shift in participant comfort level with online therapy. Results show 90% of participants intend to use online therapy in the future. The implications of this study highlight the need to standardize training and incorporate training into psychology doctoral programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Video-streaming typically describes watching live or prerecorded videos online. This behavior has significantly increased over the past two years in tandem with the global COVID-19 pandemic. The literature describing this behavior is still in its infancy, therefore, it is not well-characterized and our understanding is thereby limited. Different forms of problematic video-streaming have varying prevalence rates in the literature and each requires further operationalization. Overall, the various presentations of problematic video-streaming have been found to be associated with poor mental and physical health and linked to increased impulsivity, reduced academic and work performance, and lower quality of life. This article explores the current literature surrounding the definition, prevalence, validated assessments, associated factors, motivations, and available treatments for problematic video-streaming. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Context: Primary Care Research seeks to "meet our patients where they are" to make research more accessible and inclusive. During the COVID-19 pandemic, recruitment practices shifted. Letters, emails, phone calls took the place of in-person recruitment. Objective: Evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on recruitment demographics across primary care practices within a single health system for "The CAPTURE study: Validating a unique COPD case finding tool in primary care." Study Design and Analysis: Comparative analysis of demographics including race, gender, age from ten urban and rural clinics. The analysis included five practices with in-person recruitment pre-pandemic and 5 with virtual recruitment practices during the pandemic. Setting : Family and Internal Medicine practices, rural and urban. Population Studied: Patients (45-80, male and female) Intervention/Instrument: Before March 2020, pre-pandemic, our team focused on in-person recruitment. Clinicians' schedules were screened for patients who were then consented and enrolled during a clinic visit. After March 2020, our team transitioned to virtual recruit using a population report to identify patients. An email or mailed letter was sent to patients followed by a phone call. Outcome Measures: Percent enrolled relative to total clinic populations (pop). Results: In-person, 31.6% of enrollees were male compared to the clinic pop. of 41.5%. With virtual recruitment, 40.9% of enrollees were male compared to the clinic pop. of 39.9%. This gender difference was statistically significant (t-test p<0.05). In-person, 21.0% of enrollees were self-reported African American/Black (AA/Black) compared to the clinic pop. of 14.6%. With virtual recruitment, 18.1% of enrollees self-reported as AA/Black compared to the clinic pop. of 23.6%. In-person, 60.0% of enrollees were between the 45-64 compared to the clinic pop. of 55.0%. With virtual recruitment, 54.7% of enrollees were 45-64 compared to the clinic pop. of 60.8%. Although there was a trend toward fewer AA/Black enrollees and enrollees 45-64 through virtual recruitment, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion : During the COVID-19 pandemic, remote recruitment significantly increased the proportion of male participants but trended toward reduced proportion of AA/Black participants as well as those between the age of 45-64. These results suggest changing recruitment strategies between in person and virtual can alter recruitment outcomes. Copyright © 2023 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
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The new global eco-social and economic conditions, aggravated by extreme poverty, accelerated urbanization and intensification of populational mobility into disruptive ecological niches, have had a dramatic impact on the patterns of infectious disease emergence and transmission worldwide. These changing conditions, in spite of all alerts from scientists since the 1990s, have favored the emergence of pandemic or potentially pandemic diseases such as COVID-19 and their related variants. This scenario has been aggravated by the highly restricted global access to COVID-19 vaccine doses, with 75% of doses currently concentrated in just 10 developed countries and by the extremely low availability of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (IFA) restricted to few manufacturers, mainly in 2 countries: India and China. This extreme concentration has been intensified by bans and restrictions to vaccine exports by several countries (United States, European Union and India). In this chapter the authors alert on the dramatic consequences of this extreme concentration scenario, since universal access to vaccines is the only way to achieve herd immunity from immunization. They also alert that probably COVID-19 will persist in seasonal outbreaks, in the same way as Influenza, requiring annual immunizations for vaccine and vaccine redesign for new variants, which supports the crucial importance of universal access to vaccines. This need for vaccine development and redesign will require, besides innovation strategies, an exponential increase in funding and novel incentives for vaccine innovation and development ("patent pools” and awards), supported by technological transfer agreements to developing countries' manufacturers. We discuss SARS-CoV-2 variants and nucleic acid COVID-19 vaccine technologies, examining applied patents in the world and BRICS' countries applications. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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The restrictions on labor mobility imposed in the COVID-19 pandemic heighten the need to review in detail the role of mobility in improving productivity and fostering economic growth. In this study, we carry out a comprehensive analysis of business visits (BVs) understood as a productivity-enhancing intrapreneurial strategy, using the most extensive set of data available, covering 33 sectors and 14 countries during the period 1998–2013. Our database merges unique information on expenditures on BVs by sector, country, and year, sourced from the US National Business Travel Association, with OECD and World Bank productivity data. We find that BVs raise labor productivity in a significant way, but short-term labor mobility exhibits decreasing returns, being more crucial in those firms, sectors, and countries characterized by less mobility and by lower productivity performances.Plain English SummaryCOVID-19 has imposed restrictions on labor mobility and this turns out to be relevant for productivity and economic growth. Business visits (BVs) are a proper proxy (unique information is taken from the US National Business Travel Association) to measure short-term mobility. Sectoral data in 14 countries over the period 1998–2013 are used. Results do reveal that BVs have a positive impact on labor productivity. However, this effect is more relevant in those sectors and economies at a lower stage of productivity evolution, i.e., the lower the initial productivity level, the larger the effect of BVs on productivity. Therefore, BVs play a relevant role in sectors and countries lagging behind in terms of productivity. Policy makers should foster, in the post-pandemic recovery, short-term labor mobility through adequate incentives and tax exemptions, particularly in those sectors where BVs are less frequent and where productivity growth is below the average.
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The idea of psychic internality/interiority has always been a problem for Psychology as a science. The specific purpose of this chapter is to develop (1) a brief questioning about the meanings of privacy interiorized in the grammars of socio-historical and cultural perspectives of Psychology;(2) an approach to Wittgenstein's linguistic pragmatism critiques of language games from internality to the psychological individual;and (3) a discussion based on a research instrument for online diaries, about another grammar of a dialogical nature, which would dispense the spatialization of the psyche to talk about subjective agentivity and its psychic processes in the face of the alterity of the life of intersubjective relationship. Thus, we hope to sensitize the readers about the effects of internality spatialized in the current ultra-individualistic ways of life and to encourage them to pay attention to how dialogical ethics, anchored in the ideal of democratic utopias, can illuminate the very way we conceive, describe, and produce knowledge about the subjective and creative dimensions of life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
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COVID-19 and the subsequent public health response created many additional stresses for families. We examined parental behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in two European Countries and explored the association between parents' behaviour and children's anxiety and quality of life. Caregivers of children and adolescents (N = 442;86.7% mothers) between 6 and 16 years old (M = 10, SD = 2.85) participated in an online cross-sectional survey in Portugal and the United Kingdom. Results show that higher children's anxiety and lower quality of life were associated with higher levels of unrealistic parental demands, lower parental self-care, and higher parental emotional dysregulation. Encouragement of children's emotion expression and management of exposure to COVID-19 information was negatively associated with children's anxiety. Promotion of routines, support of children's emotion modulation and promotion of children's healthy lifestyles were positively associated with children's quality of life. The predictors differed according to country and age group. These results highlight the importance of specific parenting behaviours on children's mental health during COVID-19. The need to moderate unrealistic demands and attend to parental self-care to reduce parental emotional dysregulation is important. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (Spanish) COVID-19 y la subsiguiente respuesta de salud publica crearon muchas tensiones adicionales para las familias. Examinamos el comportamiento de los padres durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en dos paises europeos y exploramos la asociacion entre el comportamiento de los padres y la ansiedad y la calidad de vida del nino. Cuidadores de ninos y adolescentes (N = 442;86.7% madres) entre 6 y 16 anos (M = 10, DT = 2,85) participaran en una online encuesta en Portugal y en el Reino Unido. En los resultados se observa que la mayor ansiedad y una menor calidad de vida de los ninos se asociaron con niveles mas altos de demandas parentales poco realistas, menor autocuidado y mayor desregulacion emocional de los padres. El estimulo a la expresion de las emociones de los ninos y el manejo de la exposicion a la informacion de COVID-19 se asocio negativamente con la ansiedad de los ninos. La promocion de rutinas, el apoyo a la modulacion de las emociones de los ninos y la promocion de estilos de vida saludables de los ninos se asociaron positivamente con la calidad de vida de los ninos. Los predictores difirieron segun el pais y el grupo de edad. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de comportamientos parentales especificos en la salud mental de los ninos durante el COVID-19. La necesidad de moderar las demandas poco realistas y prestar atencion al autocuidado de los padres para reducir la desregulacion emocional de los padres es importante. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
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Purpose: This study aims to find out the differences in the employee well-being of teleworkers in Hungary prior to and during the pandemic restrictions and explores whether the differences stem from (1) the presence of children or (2) the changes in the telework situation (freely chosen or forced by pandemic restrictions). Design/methodology/approach: As the first step of this study of office workers, the authors created a "one working day" measure within the conceptual framework of positive psychology that is suitable for comparing the well-being factors experienced in various work environments. The survey was completed by two independent samples: 52 office workers regarding home office before the appearance of the virus in Europe (Phase 1) and 152 office workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary (Phase 2). Findings: This research reveals that teleworking during the pandemic has increased irritability and tension for all teleworkers, but the stress levels, the overall subjective well-being and the level of engagement were significantly affected only in the case of those teleworkers who raise small children. Despite the overlapping responsibilities of parents, their work-related sense of accomplishment did not change during the COVID-19 lockdown. The forced home office setup may, however, entail the strengthening of co-worker relationships in the online space. Originality/value: By understanding the relationship between well-being predictors and the changes in the situation of remote working, the results may help develop intervention programs to promote employee well-being in challenging times. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
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PurposeWork-family conflict is an important topic which had an evolution, starting from a static definition, where work and family domains were divided, to a more dynamic and complex balance. COVID-19 has influenced society and created a significant distress among families and working activity, and this topic has been characterised by a major interest, considering some old definitions where this balance was considered problematic but not as an enriching opportunity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used SCOPUS to find all records mentioning work-family conflict, by considering book, article and review, excluding conference paper and considering only records written in English language. After a duplicated and not pertinent record removal, the authors obtained a number of 675 records. The authors considered 437 records from SCOPUS to create a cluster map.FindingsUsing SCOPUS and VOSviewer the authors have clustered 5 different areas, which are regrouped in next clusters considering keywords with most co-occurrence and significancy: Work-life balance and burnout gender cluster job stress and performance social and family support job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsCluster map is origined only by SCOPUS database.Originality/valueThis work aims to find a state of art about this topic, creating hypothesis where this problem has been exacerbated by 2020 due to important society modifications created by COVID-19, where recent evolution of work-family balance has been complicated by papers which come back to consider this balance as problematic.
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Covid‐19 has changed consumer behaviour, probably forever. Initial consumer stockpiling led to stockouts, threat and uncertainty for consumers. To overcome shortages, consumers expanded their use of channels and many consumers started buying online for the first time. In this paper, we aim to address important research gaps related to consumer behaviour during the pandemic and especially stockpiling. Our paper starts by presenting the findings of our pre‐study, which used social media to elicit or confirm potential constructs for our quantitative models. These constructs complemented the protection motivations theory to explain stockpiling behaviour, forming the basis for study 1, the stockpiling preparation stage and study 2, the effects of the Covid‐19 pandemic disruptor on customer service logistics and lockdown shopping channel preferences. For studies 1 and 2 we gathered data via a UK online panel‐structured questionnaire survey (n = 603). Results confirm that consumer‐driven changes to supply chains emanate largely from consumer uncertainty. Lockdown restrictions led to consumers feeling socially excluded, but enhanced consumers' positive attitudes towards shopping online and increased consumers' altruism. In response, consumers stockpiled by visiting physical stores and/or ordering online. Lockdown restrictions led to feelings of social exclusion but, importantly, stockpiling helped to minimize consumer anxiety and fear and even increase wellbeing.
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In the current pandemic, global issues have caused health issues as well as economic downturns. At the beginning of every novel virus outbreak, lockdown is the best possible weapon to reduce the virus spread and save human life as the medical diagnosis followed by treatment and clinical approval takes significant time. The proposed COUNTERSAVIOR system aims at an Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things (AIoMT), and an edge line computing enabled and Big data analytics supported tracing and tracking approach that consumes global positioning system (GPS) spatiotemporal data. COUNTERSAVIOR will be a better scientific tool to handle any virus outbreak. The proposed research discovers the prospect of applying an individual's mobility to label mobility streams and forecast a virus such as COVID-19 pandemic transmission. The proposed system is the extension of the previously proposed COUNTERACT system. The proposed system can also identify the alternative saviour path concerning the confirmed subject's cross-path using GPS data to avoid the possibility of infections. In the undertaken study, dynamic meta direct and indirect transmission, meta behavior, and meta transmission saviour models are presented. In conducted experiments, the machine learning and deep learning methodologies have been used with the recorded historical location data for forecasting the behavior patterns of confirmed and suspected individuals and a robust comparative analysis is also presented. The proposed system produces a report specifying people that have been exposed to the virus and notifying users about available pandemic saviour paths. In the end, we have represented 3-D tracker movements of individuals, 3-D contact analysis of COVID-19 and suspected individuals for 24 h, forecasting and risk classification of COVID-19, suspected and safe individuals.